| NORSYS SOFTWARE © 2007 | NETICA API | JAVA VERSION 3.25

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## norsys.netica
Class Learner

    java.lang.Object
      |
      +--norsys.netica.Learner

public class Learner
extends java.lang.Object

An object for managing batch-mode learning, such as EM or Gradient Descent learning, of CPTs from case data.

Currently only batch-mode learning is supported, but it is intended that in future, all modes of learning will be managed by this class.

Since:
  2.27
Version:
  3.25 - June 15, 2007

Field Summary
`static int` | `COUNTING_LEARNING` Indicates the case counting learning algorithm.
`static int` | `EM_LEARNING` Indicates the EM (Expectation Maximization) learning algorithm.
`static int` | `GRADIENT_DESCENT_LEARNING` Indicates the Gradient Descent learning algorithm.

Constructor Summary
`Learner(int method)` Creates and returns a new Learner object for use in learning of CPTs from case data, and associates it with the default Netica environment.
`Learner(int method, java.lang.String info, Environ env)` Creates and returns a new Learner object for use in learning of CPTs from case data, and associates it with a given Netica environment.

Method Summary
`void` | `finalize()` Removes the Learner object and frees all its resources (e.g., memory).
`Environ` | `getEnviron()` Returns the Environ that this object belongs to.
`int` | `getMaxIterations()` Returns the maximum number of learning-step iterations for learnCPTs.
`double` | `getMaxTolerance()` Returns the tolerance for the minimum change in data log likelihood between consecutive passes through the data, as a termination condition for any learning to be done by learner.
`int` | `getMethod()` Returns the algorithmic method used by this learner, one of COUNTING_LEARNING, EM_LEARNING, or GRADIENT_DESCENT_LEARNING.
`void` | `learnCPTs(NodeList nodeList, Caseset caseset, double degree)` Performs learning of CPT tables from data.
`void` | `setMaxIterations(int maxIterations)` Sets the maximum number of learning-step iterations (i.e., complete passes through the data) which will be done when learner is used, after which learning will be automatically terminated.
`void` | `setMaxTolerance(double logLikelihoodTolerance)` Sets the tolerance for the minimum change in data log likelihood between consecutive passes through the data, as a termination condition for any learning to be done by learner.

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
`clone, equals, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait`

Field Detail

public static int COUNTING_LEARNING

  Indicates the case counting learning algorithm. Pass this to a Learner constructor.

public static int EM_LEARNING

  Indicates the EM (Expectation Maximization) learning algorithm. Pass this to a Learner constructor.

public static int GRADIENT_DESCENT_LEARNING

  Indicates the Gradient Descent learning algorithm. Pass this to a Learner constructor.

Constructor Detail

public Learner ( |
int | method
| ) throws NeticaException

  Creates and returns a new Learner object for use in learning of CPTs from case data, and associates it with the default Netica environment.

  After creating this object, you use it to set the learning parameters you want, and then you pass it to a learning method, such as learnCPTs, to actually perform the learning on some net using some data file.

  method should be one of COUNTING_LEARNING, EM_LEARNING, or GRADIENT_DESCENT_LEARNING. See learnCPTs for a description of how each learning algorithm operates.

  This method is identical to calling new Learner(method,null,Environ.getDefaultEnviron()).
  Parameters:

  int |  | method |  | The type of learning algorithm that this Learner should use: one of COUNTING_LEARNING, EM_LEARNING, or GRADIENT_DESCENT_LEARNING.

  Version:
  Versions 2.26 and later have this method.
  See Also:

  Learner(int,Environ) |  | Same, but for any environment
  setMaxIterations |  | Set the maximum number of iterations (if applicable) it will do when learning
  setMaxTolerance |  | Set the maximum tolerance (if applicable) it will allow before termination
  learnCPTs |  | Performs the learning
  finalize |  | Discard the Learner

public Learner ( |
int | method,
String | info,
Environ | env
| ) throws NeticaException

  Creates and returns a new Learner object for use in learning of CPTs from case data, and associates it with a given Netica environment.

  After creating this object, you use it to set the learning parameters you want, and then you pass it to a learning method, such as learnCPTs, to actually perform the learning on some net using some data file.

  Pass null for info; it is only for future expansion.

  method must be one of COUNTING_LEARNING, EM_LEARNING, or GRADIENT_DESCENT_LEARNING. See learnCPTs for a description of how each learning algorithm operates.
  Parameters:

  int |  | method |  | The type of learning method that this Learner should use: one of COUNTING_LEARNING, EM_LEARNING, or GRADIENT_DESCENT_LEARNING.
  String |  | info |  | For future expandability. Pass null for now.
  Environ |  | env |  | The Environ in which this new Learner will be placed.

  Version:
  Versions 2.26 and later have this method.
  In the C Version of the API, this function is named NewLearner_bn.
  See Also:

  setMaxIterations |  | Set the maximum number of iterations (if applicable) it will do when learning
  setMaxTolerance |  | Set the maximum tolerance (if applicable) it will allow before termination
  learnCPTs |  | Performs the learning
  finalize |  | Discard the Learner

  Example:

      See addCases

Method Detail

public void finalize ( ) throws NeticaException

  Removes the Learner object and frees all its resources (e.g., memory).
  Version:
  Versions 2.26 and later have this method.
  In the C Version of the API, this function is named DeleteLearner_bn.
  See Also:

  Learner |  | Create a new Learner

  Overrides:
    `finalize` in class `java.lang.Object`

public Environ getEnviron ( )

  Returns the Environ that this object belongs to.
  Version:
  Versions 2.26 and later have this method.

public int getMaxIterations ( ) throws NeticaException

  Returns the maximum number of learning-step iterations for learnCPTs.

  See setMaxIterations for additional documentation.
  Version:

  Versions 2.26 and later have this method.
  In the C Version of the API, this function is named GetLearnerMaxIters_bn.
  See Also:

  Learner |  | Create a new Learner
  setMaxIterations |  | Sets it
  getMaxTolerance |  | Retrieves another termination parameter
  learnCPTs |  | Performs the learning iterations

public double getMaxTolerance ( ) throws NeticaException

  Returns the tolerance for the minimum change in data log likelihood between consecutive passes through the data, as a termination condition for any learning to be done by learner. This applies to EM_LEARNING and GRADIENT_DESCENT_LEARNING only, since they are iterative by nature.

  See setMaxTolerance for additional documentation.
  Version:

  Versions 2.26 and later have this method.
  In the C Version of the API, this function is named GetLearnerMaxTol_bn.
  See Also:

  setMaxTolerance |  | Sets it
  getMaxIterations |  | Retrieves another termination parameter
  learnCPTs |  | Performs the learning

public int getMethod ( )

  Returns the algorithmic method used by this learner, one of COUNTING_LEARNING, EM_LEARNING, or GRADIENT_DESCENT_LEARNING. This method is originally set in the Learner's constructor (see Learner).
  Version:
  Versions 2.26 and later have this method.

public void learnCPTs ( |
NodeList | nodeList,
Caseset | caseset,
double | degree
| ) throws NeticaException

  Performs learning of CPT tables from data. For EM or gradient descent algorithms this is done until a termination condition is met.

  nodeList is the list of nodes whose experience and conditional probability tables are to be updated by learning. They must all be from the same net. Other nodes in that net will not be modified.

  cases is the set of cases to be used for learning.

  degree is the frequency factor to apply to each case in the case set. It must be greater than zero. It gets multiplied by the "NumCases" (multiplicity number) which appears for each case in the file (if the number doesn't appear in the file, it is taken as 1).

  When you create the Learner (see Learner), you choose the algorithm you wish, which may be one of:

  1. Counting Learning This is traditional one-pass learning (see `Net.reviseCPTsByFindings`) ... . It is the preferred learning method to use, if there are no hidden (also known as 'latent') nodes in the net and no missing values in the case data. If there are hidden variables, that is, variables for which you have no observations, but you suspect exist and can be useful for modeling your world, or if there are a substantial number of missing values in the case data, then the iterative learning algorithms may yield better results.
  Because this learning method is not iterative, setMaxIterations and setMaxTolerance have no affect on it.

  2. EM Learning EM learning optimizes the net's CPTs using the well known expectation maximization algorithm, in an attempt to maximize the probability of the data set given the net (i.e., minimize negative log likelihood of the data). If the nodes have CPT and experience tables before the learning starts, they will be considered as part of the data (properly weighted using the experience table), so the knowledge from the data set is combined with the knowledge already in the net. If you do not want this effect, be sure to delete the tables first (see deleteTables). During EM learning, for each case in the case file, only the CPTs of nodes with findings and their ancestor nodes become modified, so only those nodes will have their experience tables incremented.

  3. Gradient Descent Learning Gradient descent learning works similar to EM learning, but it uses a very different algorithm internally. It uses a conjugate gradient descent to maximize the probability of the data, given the net, by adjusting the CPT table entries. Generally speaking, this algorithm converges faster than EM learning, but may be more susceptible to local maxima. It has similarities to the neural net back propagation algorithm.

  After the Learner is created, you can set the termination conditions for it. For both EM learning and gradient descent learning, the two possible termination conditions are the maximum number of iterations of the whole batch of cases (see setMaxIterations), and the minimum change in log likelihood from one pass through the batch to the next (see setMaxTolerance). Termination will occur when either of the two conditions are met. For Counting learning, there currently are no termination conditions to set.
  Parameters:

  NodeList |  | nodeList |  | The list of nodes from the net whose case data will be used for learning the remainder of the net.
  Caseset |  | caseset |  | The case set whose cases will be used for learning.
  double |  | degree |  | The frequency factor to apply to each case in the case set.

  Version:
  Versions 2.26 and later have this method.
  In the C Version of the API, this function is named LearnCPTs_bn.
  See Also:

  Learner |  | Creates the learner
  setMaxIterations |  | Sets a learning termination parameter: the maximum number of batch iterations
  setMaxTolerance |  | Sets a learning termination parameter: the minimum log likelihood increase
  Caseset |  | Creates the Caseset
  reviseCPTsByCaseFile |  | Uses a different learning algorithm (better suited if there is little missing data)
  deleteTables |  | May want to do this before learning

  Example:

      See addCases

public void setMaxIterations ( |
int | maxIterations
| ) throws NeticaException

  Sets the maximum number of learning-step iterations (i.e., complete passes through the data) which will be done when learner is used, after which learning will be automatically terminated. This applies to EM_LEARNING and GRADIENT_DESCENT_LEARNING only, since they are iterative by nature. Learning by the COUNTING_LEARNING method is not affected by this method.

  Learning may be terminated earlier, if it first reaches another limit, such as learner's maximum tolerance limit (see setMaxTolerance).

  maxIterations must be greater than 0. The default is 1000.
  Parameters:

  int |  | maxIterations |  | The maximum number of learning-step iterations that learnCPTs is allowed to perform.

  Version:
  Versions 2.26 and later have this method.
  In the C Version of the API, this function is named SetLearnerMaxIters_bn.
  See Also:

  Learner |  | Creates the Learner
  setMaxTolerance |  | Sets another termination parameter
  getMaxIterations |  | Retrieves value
  learnCPTs |  | Performs the learning using this parameter

public void setMaxTolerance ( |
double | logLikelihoodTolerance
| ) throws NeticaException

  Sets the tolerance for the minimum change in data log likelihood between consecutive passes through the data, as a termination condition for any learning to be done by learner. This applies to EM_LEARNING and GRADIENT_DESCENT_LEARNING only, since they are iterative by nature. Learning by the COUNTING_LEARNING method is not affected by this method.

  When learning is performed, with each iteration (i.e., pass through the complete data set), the "log likelihood" of the data given the net is computed. The log likelihood is the per-case average of the negative of the logarithm of the probability of the case given the current Bayes net (structure + CPTs). When the difference between the computed log-likelihoods for two consecutive passes falls below this tolerance, the algorithm is halted. So, the closer this tolerance is to zero, the longer the algorithm may take.

  The algorithm may terminate earlier if another termination condition is met, such as the maximum number of iterations (see setMaxIterations).

  logLikelihoodTolerance must be greater than 0.0. The default is 1.0e-5.
  Parameters:

  double |  | logLikelihoodTolerance |  | The value to make this tolerance.

  Version:
  Versions 2.26 and later have this method.
  In the C Version of the API, this function is named SetLearnerMaxTol_bn.
  See Also:

  setMaxIterations |  | Sets another termination parameter
  getMaxTolerance |  | Retrieves value
  learnCPTs |  | Performs the learning using this parameter

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